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Hindkowans
Hindkowans (Urdu: ) are a linguistic group of people native to the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pothohar Plateau and Azad Kashmir regions. Hindkowans have mixed origins and almost all speak the Hindko dialect of Punjabi.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 LAHNDA )〕 They were originally settled in the northern regions of Pakistan primarily concentrated near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border. At present, Hindkowans mainly inhabit Peshawar, Nowshera, Swabi, Mansehra, Abbottabad, Haripur and Attock. Those who live in Afghanistan are known as Hindkis. Most of the Tribes residing in Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa such as; Tareen, Tanoli, Jadoon, Tahirkheli, Dilazak, Mashwani, Swatis and Utmanzais, despite having Pashtun descent, speak Hindko and constitute an integral part of Hindkowans. Those who resides in urban centers of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan such as: Peshawar, Kohat, Nowshera and Swabi are alternatively termed as "Kharian/Kharay" or ''city-dweller''. Some Hindkowans have left the region and now live in other parts of South Asia,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Peshawarites still remember the Kapoor family )〕 such as; Indian-controlled Jammu & Kashmir and Pakistani-controlled Azad Kashmir.Gohar Ayub Khan (former speaker of Pakistan National Assembly) says:
:"Speaking Hindko doesn't mean that the ethnic identity of Hazara Pakhtuns (Hindkowans) has changed. Many of them (Hindko Speakers) are Pakhtuns and demanding their separate province on administrative grounds."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Four years on, the voice of Hazara ‘martyrs’ still resonates )〕
== Origin ==
The NWFP Imperial Gazetteer of India (1905) regularly refers to their language as Hindko, which refers to the "Hindu Kush mountain range." According to the publication '' Hindko and Gujari'':
In Afghanistan, a group of Hindus still continue to speak Hindko and are referred to as Hindki, which according to Grierson is a variant of the term Hindko.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Ethnologue Report for Hindko )〕 The Hindkis are also sometimes applied in a historical sense to the Buddhist inhabitants of the Peshawar Valley north of the Kabul River, who were driven thence about the 5th or 6th century C.E. and settled in the neighbourhood of Kandahar.〔 However, in Pakistan the term is considered slightly pejorative and hence Hindkowan or Hindkun is preferred on par with the term Pashtun (the 2nd largest ethnic group after hindkowans in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province).〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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